Feminist Artist and Photographer Barbara Kruger

Born on January 26, 1945 in Newark, New Jersey, Barbara Kruger is an artist who is famous for photography and collage installations. She uses photographic prints, video, metals, cloth, magazines, and other materials to create pictures, collage and other works of art. She is known for her feminist art, conceptual art, and social criticism. The Barbara Kruger Look Barbara Kruger is perhaps best known for her layered photographs coupled with confrontational words or statements. Her work explores society and gender roles, among other themes. She is also known for her typical use of a red frame or border around black and white images.  Added text is often in red or on a red band. A few examples of phrases Barbara Kruger juxtaposes with her images: Your fictions become historyYour body is a battlegroundI shop therefore I amQuestions such as Who prays loudest? or Who laughs last? - the latter accompanying a skeleton standing up at a microphoneâ€Å"If you want a picture of the future, imagine a boot stomping on a human face forever.†Ã‚  (from George Orwell) Her messages are often strong, short and ironic. Life Experience Barbara Kruger was born in New Jersey and graduated from Weequahic High School. She studied at Syracuse University and the Parsons School of Design during the 1960s, including time spent studying with Diane Arbus and Marvin Israel. Barbara Kruger has worked as a designer, magazine art director, curator, writer, editor, and teacher in addition to being an artist. She described her early magazine graphic design work as a  big influence on her art.  She worked as a designer at  Condà © Nast Publications and at Mademoiselle, Aperture, and  House and Garden  as a photo editor. In 1979, she published a book of photographs,  Picture/Readings, focusing on architecture.  As she moved from graphic design to photography, she combined the two approaches, using technology to modify photographs. She has lived and worked in Los Angeles and New York, praising both cities for producing art and culture instead of just consuming it. Worldwide Acclaim Barbara Krugers work has been displayed around the world, from Brooklyn to Los Angeles, from Ottawa to Sydney.  Among her awards are the 2001 Distinguished Women in the Arts by MOCA and the 2005 Leone dOro for lifetime achievement. Texts and Images Kruger often combined text and found pictures with images, making the photographs more overtly critical of modern consumerist and individualist culture. Shes known for slogans added to images, including the famous feminist Your body is a battleground.  Her critique of consumerism is highlighted by the slogan she also made famous: I shop therefore I am.  In one photo of a mirror, shattered by a bullet and reflecting a womans face, the text superimposed says You are not yourself. A 2017 exhibit in New York City included various locations, including a skatepark under the Manhattan Bridge, a school bus, and a billboard, all with colorful paint and Krugers usual images. Barbara Kruger has published essays and social criticism that engage some of the same questions raised in her artwork: questions about society, media images, power imbalance, sex, life and death, economics, advertising, and identity. Her writing has been published in The New York Times, The Village Voice, Esquire, and  Art Forum. Her 1994 book Remote Control: Power, Cultures, and the World of Appearances is a critical examination of the ideology of popular television and film. Other Barbara Kruger art books include Love for Sale (1990) and Money Talks (2005). The 1999 volume Barbara Kruger, reissued in 2010, gathers her images from the 1999-2000 exhibitions at the Museum of Contemporary Art in Los Angeles and the Whitney Museum in New York. She opened a giant installation of work at the Hirschhorn Museum in Washington, DC, in 2012—literally giant, as it filled the lower lobby and covered the escalators as well. Teaching Kruger has held teaching positions at the California Institute of the Arts, Whitney Museum, the Wexner Center for the Arts, The School of the Art Institute of Chicago,  the University of California at Berkeley and at Los Angeles, and Scripps College.  She has taught at the California Institute of Art, and the University of California, Berkeley.   Quotes I always say that Im an artist who works with pictures and words, so I think that the different aspects of my activity, whether its writing criticism, or doing visual work that incorporates writing, or teaching, or curating, is all of a single cloth, and I dont make any separation in terms of those practices. I think that Im trying to engage issues of power and sexuality and money and life and death and power. Power is the most free-flowing element in society, maybe next to money, but in fact they both motor each other. I always say I try to make my work about how we are to one another. Seeing is no longer believing. The very notion of truth has been put into crisis. In a world bloated with images, we are finally learning that photographs do indeed lie. Womens art, political art—those categorisations perpetuate a certain kind of marginality which Im resistant to. But I absolutely define myself as a feminist. Listen: our culture is saturated with irony whether we know it or not.   Warhols images made sense to me, although I knew nothing at the time of his background in commercial art. To be honest, I didnt think about him a hell of a lot. I try to deal with the complexities of power and social life, but as far as the visual presentation goes I purposely avoid a high degree of difficulty. Id always been a news junkie, always read lots of newspapers and watched the Sunday morning news shows on TV and felt strongly about issues of power, control, sexuality, and race. Architecture is my first love if you want to talk about what moves me...the ordering of space, the visual pleasure, architectures power to construct our days and nights. I have problems with a lot of photography, particularly street photography and photojournalism. There can be an abusive power to photography.

Feminine Roles in Othello Essay - 1310 Words

Feminine Roles in Othello A variety of roles have women in them in William Shakespeare’s tragic drama Othello. Let us in this essay examine the female characters and their roles. One key role for the heroine of the drama, Desdemona, is to support the general. David Bevington in William Shakespeare: Four Tragedies states the hero’s dependence on Desdemona: Othello’s most tortured speeches (3.4.57-77, 4.2.49-66) reveal the extent to which he equates the seemingly betraying woman he has so depended on for happiness with his own mother, who gave Othello’s father a handkerchief and threatened him with loss of her love if he should lose it. (226) A different role for the heroine appears at the†¦show more content†¦Once that Brabantio has located Othello, the father presses charges publicly in order to have Desdemona returned. The proceedings which take place before the Duke of Venice cause the young wife to assume a heretofore-unheard-of role for herself – that of barrister. She is compelled by the situation to stand before the senators and duke, members of the City Council of Venice, and present her side of the story in a convincing manner. As a lawyer she does remarkably well. Brabantio’s rage, among other reasons, necessitate that Desdemona live with Iago and Emilia during the Moor’s campaign in Cyprus against the Turks. While awaiting the arrival of Othello’s ship at the seaport of Cyprus, Desdemona shows herself an intelligent, educated debater. She grows tired of Iago’s derogatory comments directed at his wife, and she quite matter-of-factly states her mind: â€Å"O, fie upon thee, slanderer!† She continues to critique the ancient’s answers to her questions: â€Å"These are old fond paradoxes to make fools laugh i the alehouse† and â€Å"O heavy ignorance! thou praisest the worst best.† She is not fearful or reticent in the least. Once that her husband has safely arrived on the island and disembarked, she greets him publicly as if she were herself a diplomat, and later responds before the crowd to his loving address to herself: The heavens forbid But that our loves and comforts shouldShow MoreRelated Feminine Roles in Othello Essay1885 Words   |  8 PagesFeminine Roles in Othello  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   A variety of roles have women in them in William Shakespeare’s tragic drama Othello. Let us in this essay examine the female characters and their roles.    One key role for the heroine of the drama, Desdemona, is to support the general. David Bevington in William Shakespeare: Four Tragedies enlightens us about the hero’s dependence on Desdemona:    Othello’s most tortured speeches (3.4.57-77, 4.2.49-66) reveal the extent to which he equates theRead MoreEssay about The Effects of Femininity1571 Words   |  7 Pagesideas of femininity have on literary texts, we must first acknowledge what the term means. 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The relationship between Iago and Emilia is a superb exampleRead MoreThe Women in Othello Essay1080 Words   |  5 PagesThe women in Othello are synonymous with Venetian societal standards. Only three women are characters in Othello: Desdemona, Emilia and Bianca but the roles these women play give the reader an idea of how women were portrayed, not only in Shakespeares Othello but in society in general. Women were viewed merely as possessions. After the Duke allows Desdemona to accompany Othello to Cyprus, Othello says To my conveyance I assign my wife (I.3.283), this statement implies that Desdemona and a possessionRead MoreAnalysis Of Othello By William Shakespeare Essay1606 Words   |  7 PagesThe theme of power is explored in various ways throughout ‘Othello’, Shakespeare uses the vulnerability of characters’ flaws to allow power shifts to occur through manipulation. The Elizabethan value consensus highlights the difference in gender roles, with societal expectations being defined by the divine order. The limitations of social mobility provide a strong platform for the theme of power to be embedded upon, with characters such as Desdemona and Emilia representing the struggle that womenRead MoreWomen Of The Elizabethan Society1471 Words   |  6 Pages Women of the Elizabethan society, such as in Shakespeare’s Othello, are particularly not considered as equal. Women were more often seen as less of people who need to be helped and aided by man. This ideology was spread by both men and women of that time by them playing into the gender roles of male and female. Othello gives a relative example of the male and female ideology being accepted and spread throughout society in the Elizabethan age. With it only being three women in the play, DesdemonaRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello, The Moor Of Venice Essay1251 Words   |  6 PagesIn the play Othello, the Moor of Venice by William Shakespeare, the women take on various roles in this Venetian society. The roles include committing fraud, playing the part of the victim, and playing the part of the hero. In this Venetian society in the 1600s, the women served major purposes and were vital to keep the towns running. However, the women also faced being victimized and stereotyped in this man-run society. Women were inferior to men, treated unequally, and women were also viewed asRead MoreWomen: Venetian Societal Views1156 Words   |  5 PagesRace. Women. Men. Class. Poor. Rich. Royalty. In Shakespeare’s play, Othello, many issues are explored through a tragedy. The rights of women are being put to the test. There are three women, Bianca, Desdemona, and Emilia that play a major role in Othello. In the Elizabethan Era women were neither very respected, nor considered to be intelligent. Yet, the women hold most of the power in the Tragedy of Othello. The women are also the only characters that are able to maintain the trust among themselvesRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello As A Patriarchal Society1131 Words   |  5 PagesWomen in the sixteenth century were commonly dominated by a patriarchal society. Meaning their loyalty and respect lay amongst the men in their lives with little choice for opposition. In Othello by William Shakespeare, he portrays the role of women in a way typical to their representation in Elizabethan and Venetian society. While the women may be presented as mentally stronger than their male counterparts, the language given to these female characters suggest that they have internalized societyRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1333 Words   |  6 Pagesmale violence in Othello. For some reason Shakespeare’s play often put the emphasis on the role of t he female characters and their influence on the main male characters. For instance, the result of the passionate love of Romeo for Juliet, the effect of Ophelia’s insanity had on hamlet, and so on. In Othello, Shakespeare made Desdemona and the other women in the play no different; Othello’s jalousie and love made the play a tragedy. Shakespeare made Desdemona the faithful wife of Othello. She was such

Marketing research 3 Free Essays

MR. Walton started Wal-Mart in 1962. The company started as a cheap price alternative store because Mr. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing research 3 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Walton adopted the price-cutting or cost cutting by keeping costs down. It was a man who liked to minimize costs. He liked local investments and this was done by giving most of his staff stock options and he encouraged them to invest in the company. Walmart grew technologically ahead of its competitors because they were in fact one of the first stores to use computer to keep track of their products and stocks. They also used computer to link stores, warehouses and this is done up to date. In fact, Walmart has a variety of stores, warehouses that have standard merchandise that is sold at lower prices with lower margin and higher volumes. This includes discount retailing in most of their stores which is mostly used in specially stores like their discounting goods stores. Wal-Mart has placed its stores around major cities and managed its marketing channels well. They have used strategic planning and advanced information system to link their departmental stores and warehouses around major towns and this is boosted by the use of sophisticated marketing tools. Walmart majorly is a low price strategy firm and it has priced its products lower that most of its competitors but however, a research done in 2004 indicated that most people in the US were alarmed by an article that articulated the high cost of low price. This led to negative publicity of Walmart as most of its customers began to be cautious about its low prices but on the other end, Walmart is actually trying to reach to the tougher market of lower income earners. It also uses strategies of efficiency due to good distribution network. The Walmart stores feature a broad line but have low value added and focus on keeping prices low and are perceived to be having a good deal especially to low income earners and they depend majorly on in purchase of goods in large volumes. To attract customers Walmart use various promotional tools to generate traffic and purchases. Most of us have seen adverts both on TV and online placed by Walmart, they run special sales and issue coupons. Most of the frequent shoppers at Walmart are also rewarded to encourage frequent purchases. Walmart also runs special page adverts and magazines to remind customers on their existence. They are also careful to choose locations because customers who like money saving deals will look for stores that are nearest. They plan carefully before choosing on the sites to open outlets. Walmart also has gone a step further to provide one stop shopping where they combine grocery items with huge selection of non-food merchandise. When we compare it with Nordshoms that was started in 1901 as a shoe store by John v. Nordshoms. In Washington, the latter is a rather different type of store as it is a departmental store where we have several products lines i.e. in the case of Walmart we have clothing products, shoes, handbags, gift hampers and in which case each product line is separated and operated as a separate department and managed by specialized buyers or merchandisers. Nordshoms unlike Walmart has its goods priced highly but they insist on quality, value, trust and selection unlike Walmart that depend on volume purchase and search for good deals. It also uses the product expansion strategy because it started as a shoe company but later it has expanded to include clothes and other products managed separately like cars and car parts accessories for women. It has also differentiated its products into segments as we have children clothes, women and men. This is a part of individual marketing where they do not look at customers as a group but deal with them individually. They hold customers by offering convenient locations, special or unique assortment of goods, great services, better quality goods and better services than competitors. They also have included other brands i.e. they purchased best apparels a clothes company and ventured to clothes market. Because most customers complain that their prices are high, they have embarked on serious expansion and have opened many stores in major cities. This is to areas where incomes are high. Nordshoms use direct mails as promotion tools and telemarketing where they use telephone calls to attract new customers. They also contact existing customers to ascertain satisfaction levels. They also run adverts on the levels where clients can log on to and ‘try clothes online’. Apart from visiting the stores clients also would like to see how the clothes look like, online marketing is also very important. They also adopt catalogue marketing where they mail one or more product catalogues to selected addresses to lure more customers, all this will stimulate quicker or greater purchase of particular products. They have adopted psychological prices where they use price as an indicator of quality. High priced goods are preferred to have high quality especially where alternative information about true quality is not available. REFERENCES Armstrong G. Kotler P. (2007). Consumer Markets: Influences on consumer behavior, Principles of Marketing. Kotler, P. (2005) Principles of Marketing. New York.Melbourne Press Schaik J.L., (2002); The Task of Marketing Management; J.L. van Schaik (Pity) ltd Winer, R.S. (2007). Marketing Management, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. Â   How to cite Marketing research 3, Essays

Nursing Research on Health Reform

Question: Describe about the Report on Nursing Research on Health Reform? Answer: In the context of the research that has been done been on health reform, it can be thus clearly state that the improvement in the nursing education will have a significant impact on the development of the overall nursing education in the future (Kim, 2014). By further emphasizing on the feedback shared by the nurse colleagues their consistent viewpoint regarding what has been done from the viewpoint will help in successfully doing a critical analysis of the overall viewpoint that has been stated regarding growth and change in the nursing in the near future. Thus doing research on the health reform included three fundamental points that stated new nurse-led innovation should be used (Henry et al., 2013). Two of the nurse colleagues used gave positive feedback on the present topic emphasizing how new led changes helps in expanding more access to the care and improve in the quality of life at lower cost. . The innovative strategies thus that have been discussed for providing nurses empo werment in the future lied in support of the viewpoint of the two colleagues (Henry et al. 2013).. They also agreed to the point regarding improvement in then health reform that the new innovative care models that have been presently involved for development and growth of the nursing techniques that includes nurse-managed health clinics and other home visiting programs are thus considered as the essential programs for reforming the policies that will play a critical role in improving the nurses involvement in the future (Kim, 2014). While another colleague have strictly put on negative comments highlighting the fact that then nurses fist need to understand the essential requirement that is relying on association with their development rather than implementing any new and innovative technologies. The new technologies thus implemented might also increase the complexity of the nursing g process and thereby the nurses may remain devoid of the basic knowledge that comes regarding the und erstanding of the nursing theories and functions (Iwasiw et al, 2014). Secondly generating evidence concerning the change in the notion by which the medicines are delivered in the present healthcare system. It ha been said in a positive aspect that in context to the present discussion nurses plays an important role that helps in shaping the quality and safety. Successful models that are used for the betterment of the can thus be better implemented sustained that will help in further shaping and developing then the role of nurses in providing proper health care to an individual patient. Generating evidence and engaging more nurses in research will help the nurses to evolve significantly (Kim, 2014). There has also been a positive viewpoint that ha also been suggested taking into consideration the effectiveness of the data that are published (Aiken et al, 2013). The feedback is given thus also supported the fact that the nursing research will help in building a suitable scientific foundation for the development of better clinical practice, prevention, and better patient outcomes. Redesigning of nursing education will also produce a great impact on redesigning the health reforms of nursing. The feedback has also been supported by the three colleagues emphasizing o the fact that yes it is very much required by the nurses to possess the basic competencies in order to meet up the demands of the aging and handling patients of different age and culture. This also emphasizes on the improvement on the method of clinical training that helps in setting up multiple settings across the lifespan (Henry et al. 2013). Thus, this particular development contributes to highlight upon both the quality and safety of the patient. The evidence-based research in nursing practice is therefore considered as one of the major element that will help in uplifting the position of the nurses shortly. Redesigning of the nursing education plan will include implementation of different strategies and policies that will keep focusing on the overall improvement and emp owerment of the nurses (Henry et al. 2013). Thus taking into consideration the viewpoint of the nurses, all the three colleagues agreed with the same view on the ground of introduction of nursing education. Another important aspect is the expansion of the scope of practice. Two colleagues have also counteracted this statement (Kim, 2014). According to them, evaluating the scope of practice will not help the nurses to have e better access to the basic nursing theories and knowledge. While one of them stated that advance practice in nursing will help and allow the practice that will support their education and licensure to full time (Winters, 2013). This will also provide better ground to work with physicians in an affordable care that will also help in addressing the primary care of storage involved with the scope of practice. However, sometimes a stated by the nurses that the regulatory and the other preventions provide a barrier to providing support to the full extent of their licensure. References Kim, J. K. (2014). A review study on nursing students' stress for improvement of nursing education.Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education,20(1), 47-59. Iwasiw, C. L., Goldenberg, D., Andrusyszyn, M. A. (2014).Curriculum development in nursing education. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Aiken, L. H., Sloane, D. M., Bruyneel, L., Van den Heede, K., Sermeus, W., RN4CAST Consortium. (2013). Nurses reports of working conditions and hospital quality of care in 12 countries in Europe.International Journal of Nursing Studies,50(2), 143-153. Fowler, M. D., Davis, A. J. (2013). Ethical issues occurring within nursing education.Nursing ethics,20(2), 126-141. Winters, C. A. (2013).Rural nursing: Concepts, theory, and practice. Springer Publishing Company. Henry, C., Kendrick, K., Soothill, K. (2013).Themes and perspectives in nursing. Springer.